Category: Assessment

Feedback in the CI-Centered Classroom That Helps Students Grow

One of the things we are asked to do as teachers is provide feedback to students to help move their learning forward. It appears on any rubric for evaluation, and is a natural and necessary part of the teaching and learning process.

Best practice in teaching dictates that we set a clear goal for our learners to begin the feedback cycle. Then, we describe to the learner both where they are relative to that goal, as well as what the next steps for that learner are to meet or go beyond the original goal.

Often, we find ourselves giving lots of comments on student work, and then watch that marked-up work end up in the garbage after a cursory glance at the grade. So, to complete the feedback process, we have to create a need for students to use the feedback as part of their learning. The cycle begins again after students produce a new product or draft using the feedback given.

Here’s the thing…

These processes and practices have been researched and developed as relates to the explicit teaching and learning of facts and processes. Think skills like describing the functionality of a cell, crafting a historical analysis, or modeling a real-world situation using mathematical notation. If students “miss” something or make an “error,” the teacher can show students areas to consciously focus on to improve.

With language acquisition, we can say that there are no “errors,” but rather “developmental forms.” (I take this term from the writings of Bill Van Patten.) A learner’s linguistic system develops in an ordered way in response to basically one thing: comprehended input. Any of the “developmental forms” we hear in a learner’s production along the way are just indicators of where they are in their development, and this development is to be honored and celebrated.

So…the answer for what feedback is needed to develop learners’ linguistic systems: more input! Any explicit feedback about things like verb endings, adjective agreement, etc. will not necessarily make its way into the learner’s linguistic system, because language (in its abstraction, complexity, and implicit nature) does not reside in the realm of consciously learned facts and skills. Indeed, studies on explicit error correction show no lasting benefits for students’ accuracy so…let’s ditch it!

Our challenge, then…

…is to find ways to keep our learners calm and focused on input in a school system that shows great value in always being correct, getting things perfectly on the first try, and ranking systems like grades. To that end, teachers who have moved away from traditional language teaching must make clear to students what acquisition is going to look and feel like, that it’s okay to make errors in efforts to communicate, that progression is going to be messy and seem nonlinear, and that it all just takes time. We as teachers cannot be too explicit about these values – otherwise, students will have no reason to believe that this class is unlike any other class in school, when really, I think it should be. Language is special and different from content area courses.

I also know that there are the linguistics kids out there (bashfully raises hand because I was/am one of those) who want to know more about “proper” L2. It never hurts to throw them a bone with grammar pop-ups during readings once meaning has been thoroughly established! Meaning has to come first, so then we can draw connections between the forms and the meanings they create.

My experience has also shown me that it’s not until usually the third year (or even later!) that many students start to take an interest in how the language works at that grammar-y level, so I’m giving myself permission to hold off on too much grammar-y stuff until that interest bubbles up after lots and lots of input. Again, they need lots and lots of meaningful experiences with the language to contextualize any grammatical musings so, for now (and especially in this age of limited input because of all-virtual teaching!), I’m just going to focus on meaningful classroom interactions.

What about marking up student output?

Some kids might want it – most won’t know what to do with it. I have borrowed Meredith White’s idea of giving an option on any assignment to get corrective feedback on output, if students want it. I usually focus on one or two big ideas that students can focus on, and try to explain “fixes” in non-grammar-y terms that spotlight how the grammar contributes to meaning. (“Oh, this -o at the end of the verb tells us that we’re talking about ourselves, so if you’re talking about yourself, double check that it has that -o!”) Less is more, in this case – no one wants an assignment back that has been given the Red Pen of Death. 🙂

But really – the answer is more input! What systems or tricks do you have in your tool kit to focus mostly on providing great communicative input, while also satisfying the need students sometimes has for your class to look “like school”? Let me know in the comments!

AP German / Spanish Resource: Digital Culture Notebook

This summer, I participated in an AP Summer Institute (virtually!) in preparation for my very first group of AP German students this coming fall. Gulp. I’m actually very excited for this first group. I will only have two students (last year’s level 3 was smaller with many seniors), but they are dedicated and so much fun. Plus, the AP Exam – intimidating and intense as it is! – is a great opportunity for them to show off what they CAN do with their Intercultural Communicative Competence.

One big question that came up in our group discussions during the APSI was how to incorporate the seeming mountains of cultural information and reflection that students need to navigate the Exam with ease. Culture shows up everywhere in the exam – no task on the exam is “purely language skill-based.” (Not to mention that language and culture are inextricably linked!)

I was wondering to myself throughout the training if it would be wise for students to compile a reflective cultural notebook of sorts that would document their growing cultural awareness, while also helping them gather useful vocabulary. This could potentially help me as the instructor to identify where I wasn’t providing cultural input to students, pushing me to flesh out my instruction to be even stronger. I also wondered about introducing the cultural notebook even as early as level 2 as a Pre-AP strategy to make visible students’ growing cultural awareness.

According to the ACTFL Intercultural Can-Do Statements, students grow from simply being able to recognize Products and Practices that help them understand Perspectives, to being able to compare them and interact at a functional level in the target culture(s). As students move closer to Advanced language proficiency and Advanced Intercultural Communicative Competence, they are more able to explain how and why there is diversity within a single “culture.” That (ambitious) goal requires a depth of cultural knowledge and skills that won’t be reached by only having Culture Fridays. How can we give students lenses through which to assess and grow in their Intercultural Communicative Competence, and visibly document that growth? How can we make sure that they are most at ease when confronting the AP Cultural Comparison?

Enter Bethanie Drew. Bethanie’s blog is a treasure trove of structures and strategies to simplify, clarify, and enrich the learning experience for both students and teachers. And just the other day, Bethanie shared an excellent digital notebook that does exactly what I was dreaming about!

The digital notebook looks like it will be immensely useful for AP students, and could even be used in Pre-AP courses. It is divided into 8 notebook “tabs.”

  • The first tabbed section reminds students of the three Ps of culture, as well as how students can draw on the different levels of culture that exist within their social environment (from just their own family, all the way up to their national identity).
  • Tabs 2-7 are divided up by the six themes of the AP course. Each section begins with a page for students to make general notes of vocabulary and cultural ideas that are related to the overall theme. Then, each of the unit Essential Questions are listed on a separate page, so students can consider their cultural knowledge through the lens of the Essential Questions. (E.g. “What constitutes a family in German-speaking societies?” “What are some important aspects of family values and family life in German-speaking societies?” etc.). Finally, sample questions from previous AP exams aligned with the theme are listed, and extra space is given for any additional notes.
  • The final tab is called “Resources” and includes a flow/structure for the comparison (with accompanying useful phrases) and a place to brain dump about individual cultural topics in a more general way (“Education system,” “Sports,” etc.).

I intend to use this digital notebook this year with my AP students as an early formative assessment of their cultural knowledge, as well as their control of vocabulary related to the different course themes. Over the course of the units, we can start with a brain dump into the organizers in the “Resources” tab, then move some of those vocabulary words and ideas into the tabs for each of the units, then refine our ideas through the use of the Essential Questions. In the end, students will have a resource that they created themselves to study with, as well as one that makes clear where they may have gaps they want to fill with further investigation! Score!

I am also contemplating using parts of this notebook with my level 3s this year to build their confidence with the AP themes and to reflect on their growth and learning throughout the German program. I will probably leave out the Essential Questions for my 3s, and stick more to the organizers in the “Resources” tab (and maybe organizing some of that topic knowledge under the related themes). I’m even thinking of doing an even more watered down reflection like this with my level 2s toward the end of the year…this resource is the gift that keeps on giving!

It is so important for us as teachers to incorporate culture into every lesson, and help students reflect on their growth and learning. This tool might help us do just that! Many thanks to Bethanie for her work, which you will find at her original blog post here.

Finally: here is the resource in German and Spanish! Feel free to make a copy and modify as you like. (And any corrections to the German are welcome!)

AP Grundsatzfragen und der Kulturvergleich

AP Preguntas esenciales y la comparaciĂłn cultural

How do you feel you do at growing and assessing students’ Intercultural Competence? And how do you tackle the AP Cultural Comparison? Let me know in the comments below!

What if I want a vocab list?

Generally, in CI World, we know that students acquire vocabulary most efficiently from comprehensible messages in the Target Language. That means that Ye Olde Vocabulary Lists of yore are not quite as helpful as we used to think. Trying to memorize them engages the brain’s explicit/conscious learning faculties, versus the implicit/unconscious learning that is capable (and more durable, in the case of language) when focusing on getting students as much comprehensible input as possible. For this reason, many CI World teachers have ditched vocab lists and just focus on providing rich, repetitive, compelling comprehensible input in class. And that’s all!

…but what if I want a vocabulary list? What if my students want one? There’s something satisfying about the neatness of a list. It implies and provides structure, and is something to refer to when feeling lost. And maybe your department/school/district requires that you provide and teach students thematic/semantic sets of vocabulary. This is the situation I’m currently in with my school’s Spanish department (I’m a singleton with German – I have more freedom there), so this is something I’m thinking about this year as well.

We have to be mindful that students sometimes struggle with classes that don’t “look” entirely “like school.” Especially in the early levels, we’re mostly asking students to just listen, read, and show that they understand. That is VERY different from any other class they have taken, where they may have to take and summarize notes, respond frequently with their own thoughts, elaborate on those thoughts, work out individual written responses to prompts, etc. Just understanding what you hear and read sounds like a murky goal – even if we as teachers know that it is what they need. But maybe having a vocabulary list gives students the comfort they want in “learning” the language when we secretly know that we are creating class such that they acquire the language.

This question actually opens up to two different contexts with distinct solution sets, so let’s explore each context and see how we can best support our students on their quest toward language proficiency.

Context 1: I have a mandated vocabulary list

This context is affecting my Spanish teaching this year. This year, I’m teaching second-year Spanish. I’ve come in to a new school whose Spanish department adheres pretty closely to the scope and sequence provided by a textbook, which is not how I teach. But! I was told that as long as I cover the vocabulary and structures present in the chapters my department uses over the course of the year, I can teach however I want. My district seems big on teacher autonomy, which is truly a blessing.

So, what am I going to do? Here have been my plans for “covering” the vocabulary lists I’m expected to cover this year:

  • Calendar Talk: Calendar Talk is great for introducing all sorts of new vocab, because it necessarily includes compelling events from students’ lives. In addition to reviewing the Spanish 1 calendar basics (days, months, etc.), we’ll be able to review future plans, and start talking about what students did over the weekend. A seamless and natural introduction to the past tense forms!
  • Card Talk: Card Talk can be angled to introduce any subject – check the linked post for ideas how to use Card Talk prompts to push conversation towards thematic vocab. School unit? Have kids draw what goes on in their favorite class. Talking about places in town? Have kids draw their favorite spots, and go in on what is around them, where they are located, etc.
  • OWI: Specify that the One Word has to fit some sort of theme – it has to be an article of clothing, it has to be a toy of some sort, it has to be a food, etc. This will likely draw in other related vocab – pieces of clothing are often friends with other pieces of clothing, for instance. #BillylaBufanda
  • Storytelling: As with OWIs, unscripted stories can be angled towards problems that mirror the language introduced in a thematic chapter. An OWI that is a pencil can be at school and have some sort of problem with its history teacher. Or, you can go the route of purposefully building in vocab list vocabulary into stories. Or let someone else do it for you! I am a huge fan of Anne Matava’s Story Scripts, just because they’re so wacky and fun, and I’ll definitely be using “You, In the Corner!” and “An Important Test” early on during the school unit because those have always inspired much hilarity.
  • Picture Talk: Picture Talk can be used to kill 2 birds with 1 stone – I can pull up an image from the Target Culture, and discuss both what is going on in the picture, and if it is different from an analogous context here in the US!
  • Story Listening: Now, I don’t do Story Listening exactly as Dr. Mason describes, but I love using it to include cultural tales in my classes. I think it will be a fabulous way for students to hear lots of natural language, and because I’m teaching Level 2, it will be good for them to hear the different Spanish past tenses in natural contexts.

There are so many ways to weave in “required” vocab – we just have to be a little creative in sequencing our classes and providing specific communicative contexts so that the vocabulary just happens to come up. (Or, it just seems that way to our students! *wink*)

I think you can also get your kids in on it a bit, too. I explicitly told my students that we have to do similar stuff to what the other classes have to do, but that we’ll try to make it as fun as possible. If we ever run into a situation where interest is waning, we can remind ourselves that we’re doing our best to have fun and “cover” all the stuff. Kids usually like a conspiracy…er…challenge. *wink again*

Context 2: I do not have a mandated vocabulary list

This is my situation with German this year! I am the best only German teacher at my school, and my district (again) provides teachers lots of autonomy, so I have a lot of freedom to teach whatever vocab seems best. For me, I am aiming for natural language usage. So, I’m creating contexts for communication, and we’ll use whatever language comes up!

This does lead to things being a bit unpredictable, and honestly, I’ve found it difficult in the past to keep track of what I’ve said to whom. Sometimes I find myself “introducing” a gesture for a verb, and the class is like “omg Herr Fisher get it together, we got this!” Other times, I have discovered that a fairly high frequency / useful word hasn’t come up in a long time, or at all, and I end up doing mental gymnastics trying to introduce it to the class.

Then, I stumbled upon this article by Justin Slocum Bailey, who is an outstanding Latin teacher and teacher trainer. He had an idea that was so simple, I went YEAH: just ask kids at the end of class what words/phrases were most central to the day’s interactions, and what seemed most useful. Boom! The students help you build out a vocabulary list, so there’s a feeling of mutual responsibility. You can then just make a spreadsheet (I keep mine in a Google Spreadsheet) with all the language you’ve used, so you know what each class has heard and used. Boom!

I also check back on my Write and Discuss from each day to see what has come up in class. I write mine by hand on the board to keep them shorter, and then type them up into a Google Doc during my prep. I do this in conjunction with asking the class, because sometimes certain language stuck out to them more, and that language doesn’t always necessarily show up in the Write and Discuss. (See: a super random vocab word a kid asked for during class, a fun interjection, you accidentally taught a swear word when you walked backwards into a chair and fell over and politely remind your students to never ever use ever, etc.)

Now what do I do with this word list, once I have it? The first thing is feel relieved, because if anyone ever asserts “we (they?) don’t even do anything in there!” I can whip the list out and be like “well then, what is all this language we’ve used?! (dramatic music)“

I also have thought out some other, non-affective uses for such a list, which could include:
– Building new readings that are recombinations of familiar vocab, either for days when I need to sit to refrain from dying, or for performance assessments (both throughout an instructional cycle, using AnneMarie Chase’s Quick Quizzes, or at the end).
– Spiraling the vocab that appears in my Bell Ringers, which are usually reading (input!)-based.
– Playing games! I could easily make these a Quizlet set for students to study, if they should so choose, which easily turns into either a Gimkit or a Quizlet Live. Same idea with a Kahoot!
– Printing the list for a parent or child. Sometimes they just want some sort of proof, something to study. This could be it!
– Reminding myself of other useful stuff that hasn’t come up yet – and then magically bringing it up!

Sometimes, you might want to target other useful vocab that could wow their next level teacher and make your classroom life more flowing. Slip a new word or phrase into the classroom convo when it makes sense, and boom! You have a more proficient user of the target language.

Overall:

If we communicate to our students via lists, they will produce…lists. I’m aiming to use class time to communicate in real questions, statements, stories, etc., so that hopefully one day, my students will be able to do the same. But for as long as we need to hold onto the idea of the vocab list for the world language classroom, then we can certainly provide – and make it useful to us, too!

What do you think? Do you have to follow a set list, or do you have more freedom? Do you have an argument for vocab lists that I’m not thinking about? Let me know your thoughts and ideas below!

Quick Quizzes – Daily Assessments that Build Confidence and Success

I had so many light bulb moments at Comprehensible Cascadia this year, and one of them was about WHY Quick Quizzes are so useful and powerful for you and students. Now I’m convinced that I should be doing one every day for the WHOLE school year – I’ve been spotty in this, but now I’ve seen the light!

Why should you do it? One: You, as the teacher, get quick data on who is struggling with what. If students were alive and paying attention during class, it is reasonable to expect that every student can get 100% on these Quick Quizzes. If someone doesn’t, it is easy to see where their comprehension is faltering, and adjust your instruction towards increasing their comprehension starting the next class period. (Hello, admins! #UsingFormativeAssessmentData) Two: It puts a nice bow on the end of the class period, rounding out the class experience while also sneaking in more input. Score! Three: It can help students see that the work of language acquisition is listening with the intent to understand, every day. “Being fluent in a language” (whatever that means for you/them) is not a goal that is far off in the future – it is a daily effort towards understanding more and more so that you can use more and more. If you can ace the quick quiz just about every day (again, an attainable goal for students with a teacher like you who goes slow, keeps it comprehensible, and keeps it at least mildly interesting!), then you can learn to speak the language. I think this is one of the most compelling reasons to administer daily Quick Quizzes. Four: Unfortunately for our students’ intrinsic motivations, we exist in a society that demands grades be attached to learning. Similar to point 3 above, we can show students that a grade in a CI classroom is something that is built through listening and reading to understand daily, instead of thinking that there is some far-off test to cram for. (I wonder if increasing the frequency of theses Quick Quizzes will help de-center the grade in the students’ experience of the class, moving them from seeing grades as “gotchas!” to seeing them as ways to build their own learning and assess their progress towards goals. “Quizzes” can be scary just because we call them “Quizzes,” but if they’re every day, they can lose that scary edge!)

When do I use Quick Quizzes?

Quick Quizzes are part of point 5, the “Extend/Assess” portion of the Star Sequence of lesson planning

I use Quick Quizzes at the end of a lesson sequence that has included opportunities to engage with both aural and written input. I usually go from Create (oral/aural class language experience), to Review, to Write (co-create class text, modeling strong writing habits), to Read, to Extending the learning through the Quick Quiz. Again, it kind of puts a nice bow on the day’s learning experiences and provides a nice summary moment of what was “covered” that day.

If it’s springtime and your classes have turned especially…er…zesty…you can maybe throw an additional Quick Quiz into the middle of the class period. This can help reset the class and re-emphasize the importance of listening and participating in the creation of the class experiences in the L2.

How do I do it? – Logistics

At this point in class, you and your students have had a common class experience with input about something you and your students (hopefully) found interesting! Depending on how much time you have, you can choose to do either an Oral Quick Quiz or a Written Quick Quiz. I tend to use Written Quick Quizzes more for reasons I outline below.

An Oral Quick Quiz is great if you’re running short on time, and just want to get a temperature check on your class. It’s harder to get data on individual students this way, but it can be a great way to practice choral responses and keep class light and not too…quizz-y. You don’t need any materials for this one.

A Written Quick Quiz gets you data on paper for every student in your class, and quick. This helps you identify students for intervention, and you can even put grades in the gradebook with this information! Each student will need a piece of paper and something to write with. For paper, I suggest having a student job being Paper Passer – and train them how to do it quickly. (Aka count out how many are needed in a row, and pass them to the person on the aisle, NOT handing individual sheets to each student.) You can use scrap paper cut up into quarter sheets, or 3×5 index cards. Students don’t really need a ton of space because the quiz is so quick, and this helps save paper! #recycling #GermansAreGoodAtIt ANOTHER IDEA I just had was maybe the act of getting the paper for the quiz is a brain break! It can be a quick game, or you could leave the paper at strategic points in the classroom so students can just quickly go to retrieve it, allowing them 30ish seconds of movement to revitalize their brains for even more input.

How do I do it? – Oral Quick Quiz Procedure

  1. Tell students (probably in L1) how this Quick Quiz is going to play out: we are going to have a (4-8) question quiz that won’t require any paper and everyone is probably going to get 100% on because they were paying attention in class and have been doing a great job acquiring the new language! (A little encouragement goes a long way! You want students to know you have so much faith in them because they can do this, and this will take the edge off of it being a “quiz.”)
  2. Let students know that you will be making a statement in the L2 about the information covered in class TWO times. They should be silent, and shouldn’t say anything between the first and second time you make the statement. After saying the statement the second time, students should all respond with either a “yes!” or a “no!” (Or True/False!) It sounds a little something like this:
    Teacher: “(in L2) Ok, number 1! Ben…plays… a lot of video games…on his Playstation. [Holding out hand like a stop sign] Ben…plays a lot of video games on his Playstation.” [Makes invitational gesture]
    Class: “YES!”
  3. If the correct answer was yes/true, positively restate the information for the class to hear that input again, maybe even adding a quick question that extends the information. (“Yes, class! Ben plays lots of video games on his Playstation. What games does he play?”) If the correct answer is no/false, ask students to help correct you. (“No, class. Ben doesn’t play video games on his Playstation. What system does he play on?” “Nintendo!”) Then, repeat the corrected statement. This whole process is just about getting more input!!
  4. As students get more comfortable with this process (maybe some class periods down the line), you can change from yes/no/true/false questions to this/that questions (“Does Ben play video games on his Playstation, or does Ben play video games on his Nintendo?”) or open-ended questions (“What system does Ben play video games on?”)
  5. Continue on making statements about the information covered/created in class that day. Celebrate all correct, confident answers from the class, and gently correct any incorrect answers. Go for your predetermined number of “questions,” or just go until you run out of steam.
  6. Celebrate! Your students are doing the work of language acquisition by listening and reading to understand! I usually say something like “(in L2) WOW you are all so smart and so good at (L2)!!!”

How do I do it? – Written Quick Quiz Procedure

  1. Tell students how this flavor of Quick Quiz is going to play out: we are going to have a (4-10) question quiz that everyone is going to get 100% on because they were paying attention in class and have been doing a great job acquiring the new language! (Theme: Success!)
  2. Let students know that you will be making (4-10) statements in the L2 about the information covered in class, TWO times each. They should be silent throughout. For each statement, students write yes or no. (Or True/False!) It sounds and looks a little something like this:
    Teacher: “Ok, number 1! Ben…plays… a lot of video games…on his Playstation. Ben…plays a lot of video games on his Playstation.”
    Class: “(writing on their papers) Yes.”
    Teacher: “Number 2!” etc etc
    I do all of my questions in one go, repeating each one two times (once super slowly, once at more conversational speed (but still slightly slower than that)). ALSO don’t forget to write down your sentences for your own sake so y’all can grade them. I make up my statements on the spot based on what happened in class, so writing down what you said is essential if you’re doing anything involving healthy personalization and frequent questioning.
  3. [As students get more comfortable with this process (maybe some class periods down the line), you can change from yes/no/true/false questions to this/that questions (“Does Ben play video games on his Playstation, or does Ben play video games on his Nintendo?”) or open-ended questions (“What system does Ben play video games on?”) Use a healthy mix of question types, but yes/no/true/false is tried and true and works great for this purpose.]
  4. Make as many statements as you told students you would (and honestly what makes sense for your gradebook…I was on an 8-point grading scale last year so 4- or 8-question quizzes were best for me.).
  5. I like to have students trade and grade right after we get through all the statements! I have them write “Corrected By: Soandso” at the bottom so I know they didn’t correct their own. (I tell them that if their grading partner doesn’t do this, THEY get the zero, so they check in with each other to make sure their partner has done it. I’m not that militant about it but, ya know, Teacher Lies!)
  6. Read the statements you made during the quiz again in order, prompting students to chorally respond yes/no/true/false to each question. [This is like the process for the Oral Quick Quizzes above.] If the correct answer was yes/true, positively restate the information for the class to hear that input again, maybe even adding a quick question that extends the information. (“Yes, class! Ben plays lots of video games on his Playstation. What games does he play?”) If the correct answer is no/false, ask students to help correct you. (“No, class. Ben doesn’t play video games on his Playstation. What system does he play on?” “Nintendo!”) Then, repeat the corrected statement. INPUT. INPUT!
  7. If you let students trade and grade, here’s an organizational hack: have them hand you the quizzes as they walk out the door, and then (once they’re gone) literally throw all the quizzes that got 100% in the recycling immediately. Good for them, they did it, but you’re more interested in students that got less that 100%, and on what. Ideally, this will not be many students, and you can make sure to use more comprehension checks and comprehensibility supports for these students in future lessons. If it’s a lot of students, reflect on why that might be, and consider filming yourself to see if you’re going too fast, introducing too much new vocabulary, only focusing on one area of the classroom, etc. I keep track of grades on a class roster in addition to in the online gradebook, and by only marking the students with less than 100% on the quizzes on the roster, it is easier for me to identify patterns and struggling students.

What do I do with it now that we’ve finished?

Hopefully you’ve corrected that sucker! Save yourself the time and effort, and the process of correcting it in the L2 is actually just an opportunity to provide more input.

These quizzes provide you with great data to work with in future class periods. If most students are getting 100%, then they are doing the work of language acquisition by listening and reading to understand! Bam! The ones who get less than 100% can get some extra love and support during future classes so they, too, can continue succeeding in their language acquisition journey. If during an Oral Quick Quiz you get lukewarm choral answers, this lets you know that students could be needing some more training on how to provide choral responses, they could be not feeling confident in their understanding of the language of the day, or they could use some additional love in the direction of taking risks and participating in class.

In order to acquire a language, learners just need access to level-appropriate input and interaction. The quizzes let you know if the input was able to do its job of being comprehended and processed in learners’ brains, and (did I mention??) are just another opportunity to provide more input!

Pro Tips!

  1. Cue student silence and responses! Every class has enthusiastic students who just love to respond. I literally make a “I am a police officer, stop right here” gesture with my hand when students are not supposed to respond, and then gesture towards students with an open hand when I’m ready for them to respond. Students are processing a lot – rules of the activity and class, new language, the magical roller coaster of puberty – help them be more successful by using clear, cuing body language.
  2. Let students know what to expect! Explaining the format and expectations of the quizzes helps students relax, as well as assuring them that they will do well. You also might have to let them know that this is how you gather data to report to their home adults how they’re doing, so their appropriate participation is essential. (Besides, they’re going to kick butt on these quizzes anyways, so if they just do their part, you get to send home the happiest reports!)
  3. Practice and insist on choral responses! I think choral responses are a very important element of a TCI classroom. If you’re getting weak responses during an Oral Quick Quiz, verify that students understood the question first, and then retrain them to offer appropriately full-voiced responses so you can make sure you’re doing your job as best you can. Most of the time, students just need a reminder that this is your only way of knowing what’s going on in their brains, besides the dreaded Boring Paper Test. Celebrate solid responses, too!
  4. Do them all the time! Doing Quick Quizzes frequently (multiple times per week) will take the edge off the “Quiz” part of them, and will reinforce in students’ minds that the work of language acquisition (and by extension, the grades they earn) (ugh I hate grades) is an everyday effort that builds and builds their abilities in super manageable chunks. Bam!

What if I want to learn more?

Here’s a great video of Tina Hargaden doing an Oral Quick Quiz with a French 1 class. This is in March, so Tina is asking students to respond to “Who?” questions that are actually fairly lengthy. At the end, she even has a “Why?” question! She makes sure to cue when students are to respond, which stops kids from blurting. ALSO she does a fun teacher trick – she stands on a table so that students think that she can see everyone, and whether or not they’re responding. Trickery! But it might help your Escape Artists respond more consistently.

What do you think? Do you feel ready to use Quick Quizzes? Comment below and send me any questions you might have!

First Assessment Results of the Year – Reading and Listening Comprehension + Free Writes

Here we are, about seven weeks into the school year, and I just administered my first round of summative assessments!  I AM SO EXCITED I HAVE DATA.  I’m beginning to see what my students are needing, who is struggling, and who is excelling.  This is SO important for so many reasons (not the least of which is that I have a “data” conversation with my evaluating administrator coming up next week…all part of the eval process…gulp).  There are so many adjustments I can make to my instruction that will hopefully help my students be successful, and make that turnaround happen quickly!

Let’s backtrack: I use an approach to teaching Spanish that is centered around non-targeted comprehensible input.  In short, I don’t plan what structures are going to come up in class.  Instead, I just try to provide contexts for scaffolded communication, and leave the rest up to the gods of Spanish small talk. 

My main activities to generate input at this point have been Calendar Talk, Card Talk, a questionnaire I gave on a day I was out, and One Word Images.  (Already planning blog posts on each one, if you haven’t heard of these – and I’m going to try to make a list of links to resources from others explaining/showing these activities.)  I pick a student’s card, or select a specific survey answer that piques my interest, and we riff on it as a class for as long as the interest is there.  (Sometimes you have to jump ship – I watched some of my students astral project straight out of my classroom when Fortnite came up for the 1,000th time, soooo we dropped that real quick.)

After we have our conversation around whatever our context is for that day, I project a blank word processing document, and we Write and Discuss our conversation of the day. This repeats the input, and helps keep a written record for me/us.  (As a hyperactive person with a terrible memory, it helps me keep track of what I’ve discussed, with whom.)  Then we use that class-created text as a reading, doing translation work, further discussion and comparison with the text, and sometimes illustrating it in Mike Peto-style comic book forms.

The goal of all this is to provide rich, interesting comprehensible input to my students that builds their mental representation of Spanish, and one day allows them to express themselves effortlessly with the Spanish that will forever live in their minds. The word “grammar” hasn’t come up yet, and thank goodness. My eleven- to fourteen-year-olds have not a care in the world for such pursuits!!

In this assessment round, then, I got to see what has “stuck.” What did they acquire from this listening and reading? What can they understand? I made performance-based assessments that were light recombinations of things we had discussed in class, and used them to test students’ listening and reading comprehension. Overall, the results were very positive! Students are understanding these little paragraphs about their classmates, and by giving them more to listen and read, BAM secretly ninja’d some more input into their lil brains.

I was most curious as to how a writing assessment would go. I have done ZERO writing with my level 1 students up until now, and was nervous that they hadn’t had enough input, or that nerves would cause my students to devour their papers in despair and run screaming out of my classroom. But – hooray – they did some pretty cool stuff with their writing.

I prompted them to free write in Spanish for 10 minutes. No resources, just whatever Spanish they have in their heads. I provided a couple sentence stems for those who were really struggling (stuff like “He/she likes…” “He/she has…” “He/she is…”) so they could create little characters if they wanted. A couple kids in each class referred to them, but most just put their heads down and tried.

Most reproduced our little weather sentence stems pretty reliably. (“Today is Wednesday, the 17th of October. It’s cold. It’s cloudy. In my opinion, the weather is good.”) Some expressed some things that they like.  (“Me gusta Fortnite. Me gusta Nike.” Etc etc.) Some tried to create a character of their own. All of this falls in the Novice writing range – memorized words and phrases in familiar contexts.

Now, if I were to look at my students’ writings from the lens of “this must be perfectly spelled and grammatically unassailable! They must describe three things they like, one they like a lot, and two dislikes from our vocab list!” then I would probably think, “This writing is trash garbage! Time to launch copies of [textbook name redacted] at them until they GET IT. SPANISH IS BEAUTIFUL.”

I’m not going to do that.  Comprehensible input is the source of acquisition, and they’ve had…30 hours of it?  (As if – we know how much English goes into the setting up of the school year.)

Instead, I’m going to look at the sometimes wild creations that my students put to paper as “developmental forms.”  I love this term from Bill Van Patten (BVP), because instead of saying ERRORS, we’re recognizing that our students are developing mental representation of the language in our classes, and whatever they give back to us just shows us what they’ve got so far.  There’s still more time for them to acquire and get to more native-like production, so I don’t have to freak out right now.  And glory be – in their writings, my students are attempting to communicate something.  (Plot twist – I see this as one of the most important goals of a language class.  See ya, verb charts.  You only communicate SADNESS.)  So if they’re trying to communicate and sometimes I get what’s going on in their Spanish minds, boom.  I’m happy.

I’m happy!  I can see that my students would definitely benefit from some more reading.  More reading is going to get them more comfortable with the written form of Spanish, and that will likely show up in their own writing over time.  My focus for this next cycle of 6-ish weeks is going to be how I can create compelling texts with my classes that we milk for all they’re worth.  I need to not be afraid of repetition, because while saying the same sentence a bunch of different ways feels boring for me as an Advanced-level speaker of Spanish, my students are (secretly) (so as not to defy the middle school norm of looking disinterested most of the time) lapping up the opportunity to understand something – again!  Success feels good.  MORE SUCCESS, PLEASE.

That’s all from me for now.  This post was written, maybe in a fever dream, on a flight to Austin, TX for a long weekend.  School has had me stressed with a zillion things going on, but it feels nice to have time to really reflect on my successes and challenges from this beginning of this year.  I’m going to relish this opportunity – times for reflection have been few and far between, it seems.  Plus, I’m also going to celebrate the fact that I finished all my grading on this flight before I wrote this post?  Truly a miracle.

Have you done free writes?  Do you want to know more about the process, or the “why?”  Comment below!!!  Or just say hi, you glorious flower of pedagogical excellence!